53 research outputs found
A visual analytics tool to validate simulation models against collected data. V. 1.0.0
The validation of a simulation model is a crucial task in model development. It involves the comparison of simulation data to observation data and the identification of suitable model parameters. SLIVISU is a Visual Analytics framework that enables geoscientists to perform these tasks for observation data that is sparse and uncertain. Primarily, SLIVISU was designed to evaluate sea level indicators, which are geological or archaeological samples supporting the reconstruction of former sea level over the last ten thousands of years and are compiled in a postgreSQL database system. At the same time, the software aims at supporting the validation of numerical sea-level reconstructions against this data by means of visual analytics
SEAM: An Integrated Activation-Coupled Model of Sentence Processing and Eye Movements in Reading
Models of eye-movement control during reading, developed largely within
psychology, usually focus on visual, attentional, lexical, and motor processes
but neglect post-lexical language processing; by contrast, models of sentence
comprehension processes, developed largely within psycholinguistics, generally
focus only on post-lexical language processes. We present a model that combines
these two research threads, by integrating eye-movement control and sentence
processing. Developing such an integrated model is extremely challenging and
computationally demanding, but such an integration is an important step toward
complete mathematical models of natural language comprehension in reading. We
combine the SWIFT model of eye-movement control (Seelig et al., 2020,
doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2019.102313) with key components of the Lewis and Vasishth
sentence processing model (Lewis & Vasishth, 2005,
doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0000_25). This integration becomes possible, for the
first time, due in part to recent advances in successful parameter
identification in dynamical models, which allows us to investigate profile
log-likelihoods for individual model parameters. We present a fully implemented
proof-of-concept model demonstrating how such an integrated model can be
achieved; our approach includes Bayesian model inference with Markov Chain
Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling as a key computational tool. The integrated model,
SEAM, can successfully reproduce eye movement patterns that arise due to
similarity-based interference in reading. To our knowledge, this is the
first-ever integration of a complete process model of eye-movement control with
linguistic dependency completion processes in sentence comprehension. In future
work, this proof of concept model will need to be evaluated using a
comprehensive set of benchmark data
Fundament der Bauplanung: Das bibliothekarische Konzept â aktueller Stand
Als ein komplexes Projekt mit den Themen âBauen im Bestandâ und âmehrere Nutzungen aus Kultur und Bildung unter einem Dachâ im Zentrum einer GroĂstadt ist der Kulturpalast ein Modell fĂŒr moderne Stadtentwicklung. Mit seinem Umbau stĂ€rkt und komplettiert die Landeshauptstadt Dresden die vorhandenen Elemente eines stĂ€dtischen Forums im Sinne des Forum-Konzeptes von Rolf Ludwig Schön, der Institutionen von Stadtpolitik, Bildung, Kultur und Jugend, die wichtige Anliegen der Stadtgesellschaft thematisieren, um einen zentralen öffentlichen Platz konzentrieren will
The selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast and phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitor pumafentrine reduce clinical score and TNF expression in experimental colitis in mice.
The specific inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 and dual inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 has been shown to decrease inflammation by suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. We examined the effect of roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor marketed for severe COPD, and the investigational compound pumafentrine, a dual PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor, in the preventive dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. The clinical score, colon length, histologic score and colon cytokine production from mice with DSS-induced colitis (3.5% DSS in drinking water for 11 days) receiving either roflumilast (1 or 5 mg/kg body weight/d p.o.) or pumafentrine (1.5 or 5 mg/kg/d p.o.) were determined and compared to vehicle treated control mice. In the pumafentrine-treated animals, splenocytes were analyzed for interferon-γ (IFNγ) production and CD69 expression. Roflumilast treatment resulted in dose-dependent improvements of clinical score (weight loss, stool consistency and bleeding), colon length, and local tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production in the colonic tissue. These findings, however, were not associated with an improvement of the histologic score. Administration of pumafentrine at 5 mg/kg/d alleviated the clinical score, the colon length shortening, and local TNFα production. In vitro stimulated splenocytes after in vivo treatment with pumafentrine showed a significantly lower state of activation and production of IFNγ compared to no treatment in vivo. These series of experiments document the ameliorating effect of roflumilast and pumafentrine on the clinical score and TNF expression of experimental colitis in mice
Platelet ice under Arctic pack ice in winter
The formation of platelet ice is well known to occur under Antarctic sea ice, where subice platelet layers form from supercooled ice shelf water. In the Arctic, however, platelet ice formation has not been extensively observed, and its formation and morphology currently remain enigmatic. Here, we present the first comprehensive, longâterm in situ observations of a decimeter thick subice platelet layer under freeâdrifting pack ice of the Central Arctic in winter. Observations carried out with a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) during the midwinter leg of the MOSAiC drift expedition provide clear evidence of the growth of platelet ice layers from supercooled water present in the ocean mixed layer. This platelet formation takes place under all ice types present during the surveys. Oceanographic data from autonomous observing platforms lead us to the conclusion that platelet ice formation is a widespread but yet overlooked feature of Arctic winter sea ice growth
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